Horizontal fragmentation and vertical fragmentation


Q1. Describe the concepts of Horizontal Fragmentation and Vertical Fragmentation.

Q2. Why do we need a two-level recovery method for multi-database transactions? In brief explain the two phases of two-phase commit protocol.

Q3. Compare and contrast the given:

  • Commit and Roll-back.
  • Redo and Undo.

Q4. Write brief notes on any three of the given:

a) Categories of Data models.

b) By using Heuristics in the Query optimization.

c) Distributed Databases.

d) Web Databases.

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Database Management System: Horizontal fragmentation and vertical fragmentation
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