Glycolysis generates two ATPs net per glucose whereas gluconeogenesis uses four ATPs and two GTPs per glucose. Thus, if both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were allows to operate concurrently, converting glucose to back again and pyruvate the only net result would be the utilization of two ATPs and two GTPs, a so-known as futile cycle. This is avoided by tight coordinate regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Since various of the steps of the two pathways are general, the steps which are distinct in every pathway are the sites of this regulation, in particular the interconversions between fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate and fructose 6-phosphate and between PEP and pyruvate.