Electrical-Resistance Heater (Chapters 2, 3, 6, and 10) In Chapters 2, 3, and 6 you determined the required heat transfer coefficients for water flowing over the outside surface of a heating element. Those solutions required an assumption that by limiting the heating element surface temperature to 100°C, surface boiling could be eliminated. Given the operating pressure of the system and your understanding of convective boiling heat transfer, determine whether the constant was too conservative. If it was, refine your hot water heater design.