Given the below facts, what is the total income effect for the year for an investor for its passive-level, trading investment? (Note: the investment is not sold during the year.)
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Type of Investment: Passive Ownership, Trading
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Cost of Investment
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$80
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Fair value of investment at end of the year
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$60
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Dividends received from investment over the year
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$10
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Total income effect for the year
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