1. Apply (a) the Sufficient Conditions Test, (b) the Necessary Conditions Test, and (c) the Joint Conditions Test for A, B, C, D, and G, under the following three cases: Case 1: A B ~C D ~G Case 2: ~A B ~C D ~G Case 3: A B ~C ~D ~G State your results, show your work, and explain it. 2. (a) Invent and describe a realistic example of a cause and effect relationship in which the cause is sufficient but not necessary. (b) Invent and describe another causal relationship in which the cause is necessary but not sufficient. 3. Give two competing hypotheses that might be offered to explain the phenomenon described below. Which of your hypotheses is superior? Why? (Consider the standards of falsifiability, conservatism, modesty, simplicity, depth, and power. You arrive home to discover that all the food in your refrigerator has been eaten. There are crumbs and spills inside the refrigerator, but no traces of food waste elsewhere in the house.