1. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the annual percentage increase in U.S. college tuition and fees in 1995 was 6.0%, in 1999 it was 4.0%, and in 2004 it was 9.5%. Are these percentages statistics or parameters? Explain.
2. According to an article in the Idaho Statesman, a poll taken the day before elections in Germany showed Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder behind his challenger, Angela Merkel, by 6 to 8 percentage points. Is this a statistic or a parameter? Explain.
3. Give the name of the kind of sampling that was most likely used in each of the following cases:
a. a Wall Street Journal poll of 2,000 people to determine the president's approval rating
b. a poll taken of each of the General Motors (GM) dealerships in Ohio in December 2008 to determine an estimate of the average number of 2008-model Chevrolets not yet sold by GM dealerships in the United States
c. a quality assurance procedure within a Frito-Lay manufacturing plant that tests every 1,000th bag ofFritos Corn Chips produced to make sure the bag is sealed properly.
d. a sampling technique in which a random sample from each of the tax brackets is obtained by the Internal Revenue Service to audit tax returns