Single versus Multiple Overhead Application Rates
Foster Appliance Repair has developed a reputation over many years of providing high-qual- ity, reliable repair services at a fair price. The company has grown from a two-person opera- tion (run by Victor Foster and his wife Sally Jones) to a much larger company employing Foster and Jones as well as four skilled repair personnel and two service technicians. Jones manages the front office and prepares all accounting-related records for the company. Recently, Jones has noticed a decline in profits generated by the repair business. Foster has also noticed some decline in the number of repairs completed over the past few onths. He believes this reduction may be due to increased competition from a new repair shop in the area. Since pricing is based to a large degree on the cost of repairs, Foster asked Jones to spend some time analyzing how repair costs were charged to jobs, to better understand the problem. He was quick to remind Jones that he was committed to keeping all personnel on fixed salaries since he believes this allows him to keep good employees and encourages loyalty to the company.
Jones collected the following information about the costing system:
- Direct materials used in repairs are charged directly to the job.
- The four repair personnel are paid a fixed salary of $50,000 per year, and the two techni- cians are paid a fixed salary of $38,000 per year. Jones estimates that each of the six repair personnel works 1,750 hours per year on customer jobs.
- Other budgeted indirect support costs for the year (e.g., rent, insurance, utilities, supplies, repair van maintenance, repair van depreciation) total $178,450, including Foster's and Jones's salaries.
- The price for each job is calculated on a cost-plus basis. Customers pay the total cost to complete the job plus a markup of 10%.
- The total cost for each job is calculated as follows: total direct material cost plus the "shop rate" × number of repair hours to complete the job. The shop rate is applied to all types of repair jobs. The shop rate is calculated as the sum of the repair personnel salaries plus budgeted indirect support costs for the year divided by the estimated total hours to be worked on customer jobs for the year.
- Jones noted that about 65% of total indirect costs related to complex repairs over the last couple of years, while the other 35% of total indirect costs related to simpler repairs. Even so, about half of the total time worked on customer jobs by repair personnel and techni- cians was related to complex repairs, while the other half was related to simple repairs. While Jones believed this was important information, she realized it was not taken into account when calculating the overall shop rate for the year.
Required:
1. Calculate the shop rate for the year based on the above information gathered by Jones.
2. Use the information gathered by Jones about the proportion of complex and simple re- pairs each year to calculate different shop rates that could be applied to complex and simple repair work.
3. Consider Job 1246 completed by Foster Appliance Repair last month. The job cost sheet indicates $115 cost of direct materials plus 6 hours of labour time × the shop rate.
a. Calculate the total price charged to the customer, assuming a 10% markup on cost.
b. By doing a little more digging, Jones was able to determine that 2 of the 6 hours spent on Job 1246 were related to complex repairs, while 4 of the 6 hours spent on the job were related to simple repairs. Use this information and the two shop rates calculated in (2) above to estimate the price that would have been charged for Job 1246 under this new system.
4. Using all of the information gathered to this point, explain why Foster Appliance Repair may be selling fewer repairs, resulting in lower profitability.