Explain understanding the skeletal system of humans.
1. Explain important functions of the skeletal system include
- protection of the brain and soft organs.
- storage of water.
- production of Vitamin E.
- regulation of acid-base balance.
- integration of other systems.
2. Explain Cartilage
- is composed of osteons.
- is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
- contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
- does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.
- is well vascularized.
3. Explain Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of
- bone matrix.
- hyaline cartilage.
- fibrous cartilage.
- ligaments.
- blood.
4. Explain the primary function of osteoblasts is to
- prevent osteocytes from forming.
- resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate.
- inhibit the growth of bone.
- stimulate bone growth.
- lay down bone matrix.
5. Explain a cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is a
- ligament.
- periosteum.
- endosteum.
- tendon.
- muscle spindle.
6. Explain a passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a
- central canal.
- lamell1)
- canaliculus.
- lacun1)
- osteocanal.
7. Explain which of the following is correctly matched?
- short bone - carpal bone
- long bone - vertebra
- irregular bone - femur
- flat bone - phalanges of the toes
- short bone - humerus
8. Explain what is the area where marrow is located?
- epiphysis
- Sharpey's fibers
- growth plate
- medullary cavity
- endosteum
9. Explain which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?
- Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
- A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
- Cancellous bone is formed.
- Periosteum is formed.
- Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.
10. Explain which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
- Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
- When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
- Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
- Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
- Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.