Explain understanding the anatomy and physiology of digestive system
1._____________ is associated with food stretching the stomach as well as activating myenteric and vasovagal reflexes which in turn stimulate gastric secretions.
1) The cephalic phase
2) The gastric phase
3) The intestinal phase
4) The gastrointestinal phase
5) The mesenteric phase
2.____________ transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into _________________.
1) Fat droplets; micelles
2) Fat droplets; chylomicrons
3) Micelles; fat globules
4) Micelles; chylomicrons
5) Fat globules; micelles
3. Explain these nutrients are all absorbed without being digested except
1) water.
2) vitamins.
3) proteins.
4) minerals.
5) cholesterol.
4. Explain Absorption of many nutrients starts in the stomach.
1) True
2) False
5. Explain most fat is digested by pancreatic lipase.
1) True
2) False
6. Explain the digestive system processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue.
1) True
2) False
7. Explain why are several digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens?
1) because this saves one step in their synthesis
2) because gastric cells do not have the necessary enzymes for their synthesis
3) so they start digesting intracellular proteins of the gastric cells more quickly
4) so they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
5) so they can start digesting dietary proteins more quickly
8. Explain the small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures except
1) circular folds (plicae circulares).
2) intestinal length.
3) microvilli.
4) villi.
5) rugae.
9. Explain the buccal phase of swallowing is under _____________ control and the pharyngo-esophageal phase is ______________.
1) central nervous system; also controlled by the central nervous system
2) central nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes
3) autonomic nervous system; controlled by autonomic reflexes
4) voluntary; also voluntary
5) involuntary; also involuntary
10. Explain chemical digestion breaks down ____________ into _____________.
1) proteins- nucleotides
2) amino acids, proteins
3) polysaccharides and amino acids
4) nucleic acids and nucleotides
5) fatty acids and cholesterol
11.______________ is a hormone and whereas ________________ is an enzyme.
1) Enterokinase and pepsin
2) Gastrin and secretin
3) Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK)
4) Gastric lipase and histamine
5) Secretin and pepsin
12. Explain acid reflux into the esophagus ("heartburn") is normally prevented by
1) pharyngeal constrictors.
2) the upper esophageal sphincter.
3) the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
4) esophageal glands.
5) pharyngeal and buccal sphincters.
13. Explain Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the ____________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the _______________.
1) small intestine and large intestine
2) small intestine and liver
3) stomach and small intestine
4) stomach and large intestine
5) small intestine and small intestine too
14. Explain both pancreatic juice and bile are secreted into the duodenum.
1) True
2) False