Explain this result including the underlying logic of the

Question

1. A researcher studied the effect of television violence on concentration of a particular blood chemical. In this study, 40 participants were measured over a period of an hour prior to watching a violent show and then immediately after. In the results section, the researcher writes: "There was a significant decline in blood concentration from a mean of 13.41 (SD=2.48) to 12.38 (SD=2.69), t(39)=3.38, p<.01 (one tailed)." Explain this result (including the underlying logic of the computations) to a person who understands hypothesis testing involving a single sample and a known population, but knows nothing about t tests.

2. A psychiatrist hires you to study whether her clients self­disclosed more while sitting in an easy chair or lying down on a couch. All clients had previously agreed to allow the sessions to be videotaped for research purposes. You randomly assigned 10 clients to each condition. The third session for each client was videotaped and an independent observer counted the clients' disclosures. You reported that "clients made more disclosures when sitting in easy chairs (M = 18.20) than when lying down on a couch (M = 14.31), t(18) = 2.84, p < .05, two­ tailed." Explain these results to a person who understands the t test for a single sample but knows nothing about the t test for independent means.

3. As a community health worker, what are some benefits of applying probability concepts to solve community health­related problems? Would your decisions suffer without probability concepts? Explain your answer. Find a peer­reviewed article that describes the benefits of applying probability concepts to solve problems in a particular field of interest to you (e.g., community policing, urban planning, public health, etc.). Then describe and discuss this article.

4. Using the logic underlying the hypothesis­testing procedure, describe a research project of your choosing.

5. Find 2 peer­reviewed articles that provide examples of studies that utilize the meta­analysis procedure. Please explain in your own words, no direct quotes and briefly describe each study and discuss its findings. Discuss the validity of each of the studies presented in your articles. (include copy of articles)

6. Find 2 peer­reviewed articles that provide examples of studies that utilize the one­sample t test. Please explain in your own words, no direct quotes and briefly describe each study and discuss its findings. (include copy of articles)

7. First, write down three social problems (e.g., drug abuse, gang membership, bullying, domestic violence, child abuse, etc) that we might attempt to predict using logistical regression. Second, identify and discuss what predictor variables might be appropriate for each.

8. Next, find one peer­reviewed article for each of the three social problems you selected (3 articles needed) that utilize at least one of your predictor variable and briefly describe the article. Finally, discuss how well (or not) the variable predicted each social problem.