Problem: 28-year-old female is having a repeat pap smear after being diagnosed with Human Papilloma virus (HPV). In your education of the patient, you explain that the pap smear is necessary because: Need Assignment Help?
Question Select one: a. Virtually all cervical cancer is caused by subtypes of HPV b. HPV causes cancer when the viral DNA becomes integrated into the genomic DNA of the infected basal cell of the cervix and directs persistent production of viral oncogenes c. Pap test can detect cervical atypia which may be a sign of cervical carcinoma in situ d. all of the above