Problem
1. Identify and discuss a scenario where a hash function and its one-way property are crucial. Identify and discuss a different scenario where the second pre-image resistant property of a hash function is crucial.
2. Briefly explain the reason that the output of a hash function must be pseudorandom. Give two examples; one of your examples should be in the Bitcoin blockchain context.
3. "Proof-of-Work is used in the Bitcoin blockchain to protect the integrity of the blockchain." Do you agree with this statement? Discuss your reasonings.