Could you please answer this question with an explanation?
1) On your first job, you are taking over a project involving the phase-locked loop (PLL) system is shown in block diagram form at the top of the opposite page. The charge pump phase-frequency detector (CPPFD) has a maximum output current of Icp = 5μA for 2Π radians of phase difference. For the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in the system, the V-f measurements in the table were obtained.
a) Since the VCO voltage-to-frequency characteristic is nonlinear, the VCO tuning gain Kvco changes as a function of VCO control voltage VCTL. Estimate (accuracy ±10%) the minimum and maximum values of Ko over the voltage tuning range.
KVCO (min) = ______ KVCO (max) =______
| VCTL[V] |
f[MHz] |
|
0.5
|
8.4
|
|
1.0
|
11.8
|
|
1.5
|
14.8
|
|
2.0
|
17.4
|
|
2.5
|
19.6
|
|
3.0
|
21.4
|
|
3.5
|
22.8
|
|
4.0
|
23.8
|
|
4.5
|
24.4
|