Assignment:
PARAGRAPH 1: THE BROWNSVILLE AFFAIR, 1906
May it please the court to state that since all the army commanders at the Fort Brown barracks confirmed that all of the soldiers of the 25th Infantry were in their barracks at the time of the shooting, none of them was in Brownsville town. So none of my clients could have taken part in the criminal act of which they are accused. Besides, the investigations lobbied by Senator Joseph B. Foraker of Ohio, and a report filed by four Republicans both concluded that the evidence presented against the 25th Infantry soldiers was too inconclusive to support the discharges issued by President Theodore Roosevelt. My clients the soldiers of the 25th Infantry, were not given a hearing to defend themselves as required by the law. Therefore, the president violated the constitution by ordering the dishonorable discharge of the black troops for alleged "conspiracy of silence".With considerations to these facts, therefore, I deem the President’s decision to dishonorable discharge my clients without being given a chance to defend themselves unlawful and gross violation of the constitution.
All the facts do not point any conclusive evidence that can amount to the punishment, so unconstitutionally imposed on my clients by the president. My Lord, it is therefore true that my clients are innocent and all the charges brought herein against should be dropped and they should be reinstated to their duties in the military.
PARAGRAPH 2: PLESSY VS. FERGUSON, 1892.
In the case, Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, the state laws which required East Louisiana Railroad to segregate trains for whites and blacks denied Plessyhis rights under the following amendment of the United States Constitution, which provided for equal treatment under the law;
The 13th Amendment to the Constitution that states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865.
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” By directly mentioning the role of the states, the 14th Amendment greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment.
The Ku KluxKlanAct of 1871which states that "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."