In Ex. 7.9-1 the outer surface of the pipe was assumed to be 140°F. Take into account the resistance to heat transfer in the water film and the pipe wall in order to calculate the outer surface temperature.
Ex. 7.9-1
Each morning millions of Americans rely on a hot shower to ease the transition from sleep to work. The average shower lasts for 8 min and consumes hot water at the rate of 1.5gals/min.