Problem
In this interview, Pager talks about a social experiment she conducted on the effects of race and a felony conviction on opportunities for obtaining entry-level work after imprisonment. She found that among those job seekers with no criminal record, white applicants were more likely to get a call back when applying for a job than African American applicants (34 percent compared with 14 percent). Moreover, white applicants with a criminal record were more likely to receive callbacks than African Americans with no criminal description (17 percent compared with 14 percent). Apply the concepts of "labeling theory" and "stigma" to explain these results. Be sure to define key terms, draw on sociological language and concepts, compare alternative perspectives on the issues at hand, and take a clear and logically supported position in your essay.