Problem 1: Frictional losses in pipe fittings (horizontal pipe)Water is flowing at a rate of 1000 gal/min in a horizontal 10 inch Schedule 40 pipe. The pipe is 50 ft. long. The pipe also contains two standard 90-degree elbows and a swing-type check valve.
A. Estimate the pressure drop using the equivalent length method. [psi] Approx. answer: 0.5 psi
B. Estimate the pressure drop using the K-factor method. [psi] Approx. answer: 0.5 psi
Problem 2: Siphon with frictionFarmer Michael wishes to siphon water from a lake, the surface of which is 4 m above the smooth plastic tube exit of the siphon. He would like to have a flow rate of 300 L/min. The total length of the siphon is 400 meters. What should the diameter of the siphon be? [m] Approx. answer: 0.1 m
Problem 3: Laminar flow with frictionWater at 20 degrees Celsius flows through a pipe of diameter D on a downward slope so that Re is in the laminar regime. There is zero pressure drop in this pipe. The Re can be assumed to be known as well as the density and viscosity of water at this temperature.
A. Write an expression for the angle, ?, between the pipe and the ground that is a function of known quantities.
B. If the diameter of the pipe is 1 cm, what is the value of the angle ?? [degrees] Approx. answer: 0.4 degrees
C. If the diameter of the pipe is 0.5 cm, what is the value of the angle ?? [degrees] Approx. answer: 3 degreesProblem
Problem 4: Drag force on a carSuppose a car has a drag coefficient of 0.3. The drag coefficient is based on the frontal area of the car. For that drag coefficient, the car has a width of 6 ft and a height of 5 ft. It is travelling at 80 mph going through the Nevada desert.
A. What is the air resistance of the car? [lbf] Approx. answer 150 lbf
B. How much power must be expended to overcome the air resistance? [Horsepower] Approx. answer: 30 HP
Problem 5: Terminal velocity of volcanic ashA volcano has erupted, releasing stones, steam, and ash several thousand feet into the atmosphere. After some time, the particles slowly settle to the ground. Consider a spherical particle 40 microns in diameter from the volcano that is falling in the air whose temperature is -50 deg C and whose pressure is 75 kPa. The density of the particle is 1240 kg/m3. Use https://www.lmnoeng.com/Flow/GasViscosity.htm to approximate the viscosity of air.
A. Estimate the terminal velocity of the particle at this altitude. [m/s] Approx. answer: 0.07 m/s
B. Show that Stokes flow is a good approximation for this problem.
Problem 6: Terminal velocity of a falling sphereA 20 cm sphere with specific gravity SG = 1.06 is dropped in water.
Estimate the terminal velocity of this sphere. [m/s] Approx. answer: 0.5 m/s