CRITICAL THINKING MODEL
INTRODUCTION
This presentation contains three sections: Model, Guidelines, and Questions. Examine each section and apply the content to deconstruct the issue you are studying.
MODEL
Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Model
The Critical Thinking Model was developed by Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder. Dr. Paul and Dr. Elder are internationally recognized authorities on critical thinking.
• Dr. Paul is the Director of Research and Professional Development at the Center for Critical Thinking and Chair of the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking. He has written eight books and over 200 articles on the subject.
• Dr. Elder is the President of the Foundation for Critical Thinking and Executive Director of the Center for Critical Thinking, a leading international institute that promotes critical thinking in every domain of life.
The Elements of Reasoning diagram (Paul & Elder, 2014, p. 6) presents the essential categories of their critical thinking model.
GUIDELINES
Critical Thinking Guidelines
Dr. Paul and Dr. Elder created critical thinking guidelines and questions based on their model of thinking.
Use the following guidelines to think critically about the content you are studying in your research:
• Consider the main issue or problem the author is focusing on in the reading.
• Identify the main purpose of the article or resource.
• Determine how the author is using his or her information, in relation to the main issue.
• Determine what conclusions are being drawn by the author.
• Analyze the implications of these conclusions.
• Identify the main concepts the author is focusing on, in relation to the main issue.
• Examine the author's point of view.
• Consider what assumptions is the author making. (Paul & Elder, 2014).
QUESTIONS
Critical Thinking Questions
Once you have clearly established the author's logic in the resource you are researching (as detailed in the Guidelines tab), you are prepared to write a critical analysis of the problem. In your analysis, address the following types of questions:
• Discuss the significance of the issue that is the focus of the article. Why is it important? On what do you base your assertions regarding its significance?
• What potential problems do you see in the author's reasoning? What potential problems are there with the author's use of information?
• Does the information use appear relevant, significant, valid, and sufficient for the conclusions being drawn?
• Do you have enough information to determine whether the information is relevant, significant, and valid?
• What point of view is ignored by this author, or has not been considered in dealing with the issue? (Paul & Elder, 2014).
Finally, consider alternatives for solving the problem by reflecting on the issue.
• Write a 5 page assessment in which you apply a model of critical thinking to analyze a societal problem and suggest potential solutions.
Whatever your profession, it is important to present yourself well in all modes of communication. Among the most important skills needed today is the ability to effectively communicate, solve problems, and think critically. Today's organizations expect their psychology professionals to be knowledgeable about the field and to effectively solve problems in the field of practice.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
• Competency 1: Demonstrate familiarity with the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and historical trends in psychology.
o Describe the historical development of theoretical approaches within psychology to resolve a societal problem.
Competency 2: Apply information analysis and research methods and use technology tools and applications appropriate for psychology.
o Summarize a societal problem and associated research.
Competency 3: Develop effective communication and quantitative literacy skills.
o Use well-developed written communication.
o Successfully implement APA style.
Competency 4: Use critical thinking, creative thinking, and problem solving in psychology.
o Apply critical thinking to analyze a societal problem.
o Recommend an action plan to solve a societal problem.
Competency 5: Apply psychological principles to personal, social, and organizational issues.
o Integrate relevant psychological principles into an analysis of a societal problem.
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