"Domestic Goats Follow Gaze Direction and Use Social Cues in An Object Choice Task," published online in Animal Behavior in January 2005, included information on 23 goats' performance in a bucket-selection task.
a. If a comparison is to be made for each goat's performance when cued by touching versus pointing, would this be a paired, two-sample, or several-sample design?
b. State the appropriate null hypothesis, first in terms of variables and then in terms of parameters.