Problem: Performance appraisal procedures a. should be standardized and uniform for all employees within a job group. b. should be conducted randomly so as not to make an environment for disparate impact discrimination c. should not be written but conducted orally so as to minimize the potential for disparate treatment discrimination d. should not be written but conducted orally so as not to expose the employer to liability for defamation. e. should be conducted less stringently for members of protected class to avoid liability under Vaughn v. Edel.