The average normal concentration of the Ca2+ in urine is 5.33g/L.
1. Explain what concentration of oxalate is required to precipitate calcium oxalate to initiate formation of a kidney stone? Where the Ksp calcium oxalate =2.3 x 10-9
2. Discuss what minimum phosphate concentration would it take to precipitate a calcium phosphate kidney stone where the Ksp calcium phosphate = 1.0 x 10-25