Assignment:
Q. What do you think the writer of " What is Enlightenment" was trying to accomplish? What does it mean to be enlightened and why would it be important at this time in history?The Scientific Revolution
1. Paradigm: A set of assumptions, concepts, values, that define a world view.
"It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it."
2. Copernicus (1473-1543): a Polish clergy man wanted to observe the skies to prove the majesty of a divine creator.
3. Heliocentric model: Earth and planets revolved around a fixed sun at the center of the solar system.
- Earth is not fixed but turns on its axis
- He didn't publish until the year he died 1543 because he thought it would threaten the church
4. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
-believed that mathematics could explain the mystery of the universe.
-he determined that a planets speed depended on its distance from the sun.
5. Galileo Galilee (1564-1642) Father of Astronomy: one the first scientists to use the telescope and made great advances in the field.
-He published his findings in 1610 but was condemned by the church.
"The findings were foolish and absurd and formally heretical"
-1632 he tried again and published his belief that the earth rotated around the sun and celestial bodies were not perfect.
6. Papal Inquisition in 1633 - charged with heresy and imprisoned for his ideas.
-he renounced his beliefs but he inspired others to study.
7. Rene Descartes: (1596 -1650) promoted the use of experimental evidence.
-derive conclusions from logical evidence not public opinion
8. Scientific Method: a set of steps to determine a theory's validity.
9. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) He excelled at mathematics, developed calculus and used mathematic formulas to define the laws of motion.
10. Law of Universal attraction: states that all objects attract each other with a force that is directly dependent upon the mass of both objects and the distance between them.