Q1. Discuss the two functional fluid compartments of the body.
Q2. Discuss the regulatory processes for sodium and water balance in the body, including the role of ADH.
Q3. Describe hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
Q4. Describe what happens to cells when exposed to hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions.
Q5. Differentiate between hydrostatic and colloidal osmotic pressure.
Q6. Explain the four forces control the movement of water between the capillary and interstitial spaces.
Q7. Describe the pathophysiologic process and clinical manifestations of edema.
Q8. Differentiate between first, second, and third spacing.
Q9. Discuss the clinical manifestations and treatments for the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH (SIADH).
Q10. State the common mechanism(s) by which diuretics increase urine production.
Classify the following as potassium sparing or potassium wasting: thiazides, loop diuretics, spironolactone, and triamterene.
Q11. State factors that should be considered when selecting a diuretic, focusing on the efficacy of the various agents, dose-response relationships, and the potential for adverse effects in patients with other disorders.
Q12. Describe the adverse effects, contraindications, or precautions for the various diuretics.
Q13. State how changes in the serum potassium level influence the effects of digoxin and the likely impact of hypokalemia on therapy with a cardiac glycoside.
Q14. Describe the mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and typical adverse effects of mannitol.