Problem
CKD has become one of the leading public health issues in Malaysia. The prevalence of CKD in Malaysia was 15.48% (95% CI: 12.30, 19.31) in 2018, an increase compared to the year 2011 when the prevalence of CKD was 9.07%. Thus, there is an urgent need to screen for CKD and prevent its progression, associated morbidity, and mortality at the national level (Saminathan et al., 2020). Therefore, with a greater understanding of the body systems, nurses will be able to successfully determine the problem, prevention and conclude a more accurate solution in managing the patient.
Discussion on the physiology of kidney which causes or lead to disease such as Chronic Renal Failure (CKD).