Assignment task: Friedrich Nietzsche states: "People have taken the value of these 'values ' as given, as factual, as beyond all questioning; up till now, nobody has had the remotest doubt or hesitation in placing a higher value on 'the good man' than on 'the evil', higher value in the sense of advancement, bene?t and prosperity for man in general (and this includes man 's?iturej." Explain Nietzsche's critique of morality by discussing his account of the historical shift from master morality to slave morality. First, discuss Nietzsche's argument that morals are historically constituted (as solutions to past struggles between different moral systems) rather than innate, pre-given, or universal. Next, explain the differences between master morality and slave morality, and provide some examples of each. Next, give a critical account of Nietzsche's consideration of the higher or "master" morality to be instances of life-af?rming values. Explain in detail the slave revolt in morality; in other words, explain his idea of the inversion or transvaluation of values, and its relation to the idea of ressentiment. Finally, brie?y discuss Nietzsche's criticisms of the descriptive and normative components of mainstream (religious and secular) morality.