Problem: Nathan is fixing a fence and scrapes his leg along a length of barbed wire. He manages to stop the flow of blood by applying pressure and wraps his t-shirt around his leg while he drives home from the paddock. At home, Nathan gives the wound a good clean but calls the hospital for information and advice because he has noticed swelling and his leg is a bit sore.
a. Name and briefly discuss the first and second-line defenses in place to resist pathogens entering the body and to stop the spread of the pathogen and potential infection.
b. The adaptive (specific) immune system is activated when innate defenses are unsuccessful in capturing and destroying a pathogen, such as bacteria or virus. Briefly describe the role T-cells have in protecting the body against substances that infect body cells
c. Which steps are involved in hemostasis? Briefly describe the importance of the second step of hemostasis.