DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC CELLS
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S.No.
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CHARACTERS
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PROKARYOTIC CELL
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EUKARYOTIC CELL
|
|
1
|
Nuclear Membrane
|
Nuclear membrane absent (Prok. are single
membranous system)
|
Nuclear membrane present (Euk. are double
enveloped system
|
|
2
|
Nucleus
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Well organised nucleus absent, thus nuclear material is called as Incipient nucleus/prokaryon/Genophore/nucleoid etc.
|
Nucleus well organized
|
|
3
|
Cell organnelles
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Membranous cell organelles are absent (Mitochondria, plastids, E.R., golgibody, Microbody)
|
Membranous cell organelles are present. (Plastids only in plants)
|
|
4
|
Ribosome
|
70-S type
|
80-S type and 70-S (Mito. & chloroplast)
|
|
5
|
Cell wall
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Present (made by peptidoglycan / Murein /
Muramic acid / Mucopeptide
|
Present inn plant cells only (made by
cellulose or chitin)
|
|
6
|
Resp. Enzymes
|
Present in mesosomes mainly or in cell membrane
|
Found in cytoplasm and mitochondria
|
|
7
|
Flagella
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Flagella are single stranded, made up of flagellin protei
|
Flagella are eleven stranded, made up of tubulin protein (9+2 arrangement)
|
|
8
|
Photosynthesis
|
Takes place in thylakoids or lamellaes or chlorosomes in BGA (in bacteria chromatophores)
|
Chloroplast
|
|
9
|
Cyclosis
|
Cytoplasmic streaming absent
|
Present
|
|
10
|
Chromosomes
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Naked or folded genome made by only circular-ds DNA (C-C type) (Histone protein absent)
|
True chromosomes & more than one
(Histone asso. with DNA) (DNA A-T type)
|
|
11
|
Cell division
|
Amitosis only
|
Mitosis & meiosis (R.D.) mainly
|
|
12
|
Ploidy level
|
Consider as haploid
|
Haploid, Diploid, Polyploid
|
|
13
|
Sexuality
|
Sexuality or true sexual reproduction absent in prokaryotic cell [In bacteria genetic- recombination or parasexual reproduction by conjugation transduction & transform)
|
Sexuality or sexual reproduction present (Meiosis, gamete formation & true fertilization occurs)
|
|
14
|
Vacuoles
|
Absent but gas vacuole may present
|
Present as sap vacuoles in plant cell.
|
|
15
|
Protein Synthesis
|
Takes place in cytoplasm
|
Transcription in nucleus & translation in cytoplasm on ribosome
|
|
|
Examples :-
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Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (BGA) Mycoplasma (PPLO), ricketsias, Actinomycetes
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All plant & animal cells including human cells.
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