A cylinder has an internal diameter of 230 mm, has walls 5 mm thick and is 1 m long. It is found to change in internal volume by 12.0 x m3 when filled with a liquid at a pressure p. If E = 200GN/m2 and v = 0.25, and assuming rigid end plates, determine:
(a) the values of hoop and longitudinal stresses;
(b) the modifications to these values if joint efficiencies of 45% (hoop) and 85%
(c) the necessary change in pressure p to produce a further increase in internal volume of (longitudinal) are assumed; 15 %. The liquid may be assumed incompressible.