The second law efficiency of heating a liquid in a closed container is evaluated in Example. Using the results obtained there, plot the ratio of second law availability efficiency to the first law energy efficiency (ε/ηT) vs. ΔT for a variety of T and T0 values. Comment on the general trends of these curves.
Example:
Determine the first and second law efficiencies for heating a liquid from temperature T to temperature T + ΔT in a closed, uninsulated tank. The temperature change ΔT is due to an external heat transfer Qin, and since the tank is not insulated, there is also a heat loss to the local environment, Qloss. The ground state temperature is T0.