1.For long slender structures like beams, propping is required after removal of formwork. Why?
2.What is the difference in application between open stirrups and closed stirrups in concrete beams?
3.In the design of a simply supported skew bridge, which direction of reinforcement should be provided?
4.Determine the design compressive strength for a pinned ended HSS 8x8x3/8 column of ASTM A500, grade B steel with an unbraced length of 35ft?