Question 1:
(i)  Clearly explain the following terms used in relation to credit risk analysis:
(a)  Expected Loss;
(b)  Credit risk drivers;
(c)  Affirmative covenants
(ii)  Having explained the Three Main Pillars of Basel II, critically describe the significance of Basel II guidelines in reducing banking risks.        
Question 2:
(i) Assess in what ways credit risk can migrate to other risks in banking.
(ii) After giving a concise description of Securitization mechanisms, critically consider the costs and benefits of Securitization.  
Question 3:
(i)  What do you understand by the terms?
(a)  Liquidity risk
(b)  Liquidity Gaps
(ii)   Having explained the meaning of systemic risk, assess whether or not derivative instruments reduce systemic risk.