Problem: Describe the pathophysiology of shortness of breath and wheezing In copd ( simple to understand but detailed terms please)
Describe the pathophysiology of coughing blood in COPD
Explain the symptoms he suffers with below in correlation to the pathophysiology to COPD or bronchitis or lung disease
On inspection, the neck veins were noted to be distended bilaterally. His skin colour was slightly bluish on the lower extremities and he had to sit upright to breathe properly. On examination, moderate pitting oedema was also present in his lower extremities bilaterally and his abdomen was distended. It was also noted on palpation and percussion that his liver was slightly enlarged (2 cm under the right costal margin).The patient is in obvious respiratory distress with rapid breathing. Lung auscultation revealed prolonged expiration, numerous wheezes and coarse crackles, coarse crackles largely clearing after instructing the patient to cough. On heart auscultation heart activity was generally regular with intermittent ectopic beats, first and second heart sounds were soft and additional heart sound could be heard in between the second and first sounds. No murmurs were apparent.