Assignment:
FINAL EXAM
1. What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth?
a. It reduces the surface tension of the alveoli.
b. It is expelled shortly after birth.
c. It is absorbed shortly after birth.
d. It lubricates the pleurae.
2. When do fetal breathing movements begin?
a. around week 20
b. around week 37
c. around week 16
d. after birth
3. A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________.
a. early childhood, around 8 years of age
b. birth
c. 37 weeks
d. 16 weeks
4. Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________.
a. external respiration
b. interpulmonary respiration
c. internal respiration
d. pulmonary ventilation
5. Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?
a. mouth
b. salivary glands
c. pancreas
d. liver
6. Which of these ingredients in saliva is responsible for activating salivary amylase?
a. mucus
b. phosphate ions
c. chloride ions
d. urea
7. Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm?
a. esophageal hiatus
b. cardiac orifice
c. upper esophageal sphincter
d. lower esophageal sphincter
8. Which of these cells secrete hormones?
a. parietal cells
b. mucous neck cells
c. enteroendocrine cells
d. chief cells
9. Which of these nutrients is absorbed mainly in the duodenum?
a. glucose
b. iron
c. sodium
d. water
10. Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?
a. lactic acid fermentation
b. the Krebs cycle
c. the electron transport chain
d. glycolysis
11. Lipids in the diet can be ________.
a. broken down into energy for the body
b. stored as triglycerides for later use
c. converted into acetyl CoA
d. all of the above
12. The gallbladder provides ________ that aid(s) in transport of lipids across the intestinal membrane.
a. lipases
b. cholesterol
c. proteins
d. bile salts
13. Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?
a. chylomicrons
b. acetyl CoA
c. monoglycerides
d. ketone bodies
14. Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?
a. fats
b. vegetables
c. lean meats
d. fruits
15. The postabsorptive state relies on stores of ________ in the ________.
a. insulin; pancreas
b. glucagon; pancreas
c. glycogen; liver
d. glucose; liver
16. Which hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production?
a. thrombopoeitin
b. vitamin D
c. EPO
d. renin
17. Progesterone can bind to receptors for which hormone that, when released, activates water retention?
a. aldosterone
b. ADH
c. PTH
d. ANH
18. Most absorption and secretion occurs in this part of the nephron
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. descending loop of Henle
c. ascending loop of Henle
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting ducts
19. Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________.
a. urethra
b. bladder
c. ureters
d. urethra, bladder, and ureters
20. When do the oogonia undergo mitosis?
a. before birth
b. at puberty
c. at the beginning of each menstrual cycle
d. during fertilization
21. Where does fertilization of the egg by the sperm typically occur?
a. vagina
b. uterus
c. uterine tube
d. ovary
22. The timing of puberty can be influenced by which of the following?
a. genes
b. stress
c. amount of body fat
d. all of the above
23. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is destined to become the ________.
a. embryo
b. trophoblast
c. chorionic villi
d. placenta
24. The foramen ovale causes the fetal circulatory system to bypass the ________.
a. liver
b. lungs
c. kidneys
d. gonads
25. Constriction of umbilical blood vessels during vaginal birth ________.
a. causes respiratory alkalosis
b. inhibits the respiratory center in the brain
c. elevates carbon dioxide levels in the blood
d. both a and b
26. How is colostrum most important to a newborn?
a. It helps boost the newborn's immune system.
b. It provides much needed fat.
c. It satisfies the newborn's thirst.
d. It satisfies the infant's appetite
27. Systemic blood pressure must stay above 60 so that the proper amount of filtration occurs.
. True
. False
28. Aquaporin channels are only found in the collecting duct
. True
. False
29. Describe fetal breathing movements and their purpose.
30. Compare and contrast adult hemoglobin and fetal hemoglobin.
31. Explain how glucose is metabolized to yield ATP
32. Discuss how carbohydrates can be stored as fat.
33. Name the structures found in the renal hilum.
34. Why are females more likely to contract bladder infections than males?
35. Describe how penile erection occurs.