Assignment: Peppered Moth Simulation
Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species traits can change from one generation to the next due to natural selection.
Introduction:
Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his difficulties in demonstrating the theory, however, was the lack of an example of evolution over a short period of time, which could be observed as it was taking place in nature. Although Darwin was unaware of it, remarkable examples of evolution, which might have helped to persuade people of his theory, were in the countryside of his native England. One such example is the evolution of the peppered moth Biston betularia.
The economic changes known as the industrial revolution began in the middle of the eighteenth century. Since then, tons of soot have been deposited on the country side around industrial areas. The soot discoloured and generally darkened the surfaces of trees and rocks. In 1848, a dark-coloured moth was first recorded. Today, in some areas, 90% or more of the-peppered moths are dark in colour. More than 70 species of moth in England have undergone a change from light to dark. Similar observations have been made in other industrial nations, including the United States.
Instructions:
Read more information on Kettlewell's study of moths. At the end, you will run two simulations for 1 minute each, during this time you will play the part of a bluejay that eats moths. After 1 minute record the % of dark moths and light moths - you will need this information later. Peppered Moth Simulation.
Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
1. Describe an external adaptation peppered moths have?
2. Describe a behavioral adaptation peppered moths have?
3. Describe a physiological adaptation peppered moth larvae have?
Impact of Pollution
4. How was the peppered moths environment changed during the Industrial Revolution?
5. What change in genetic traits is believed to be caused by the Industrial Revolution?
6. Describe what natural selection is?
Kettlewell's Experiments
7. How do scientists test theories?
8. Briefly summarize Kettlewell's experiments with peppered moths.
Birdseye View
9. How many of each moth do you begin the simulation with?
10. Open the simulation and play the role of the bird in both the dark and the light forest. Try to behave as a bird would behave, choosing the moths that are the most obvious. At the end of each simulation, record the percent of moths captured in the table below.
Final Analysis
11. Use the graph for the following.
Independent variable: Dependent variable: Summarize the information in the graph.
12. Describe the environment that each moth would be most successful in.
13. What would happen if there were no predators in the forest? Would the colors of the moths change over time? Defend your answer?
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
1. The answer should be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
2. The response also include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
3. Also Include a reference page. The Citations and references should follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.
Attachment:- Peppered-Moth-Simulation.rar