Problem:
There is a class of enzymes called phospholipases, which cleave phospholipids at specific bonds.
Question 1: One such phospholipase releases free sphingosine and phosphocholine (choline with a phosphate group attached). What is the substrate for the phospholipase and where is it cleaved?
Question 2: Many venoms contain phospholipase A, which cleaves a fatty acyl chain off of phosphatidylcholine. In light of what you know about the structure of the plasma membrane, propose an explanation why exposure to these venoms can lead to cell lysis?
Question 3: What are three examples of phospholipids that are asymmetrically localized in biological membranes?
Question 4: What are two reasons for this asymmetry?
Please Explain don't just write the answer.