Describe a karyotype and explain how it is performed - what

Question

Part -1 Genetics and Genomics

Lab Report Assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment's questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students' writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Exercise 1: Punnett Squares
Scenario 1: Cystic Fibrosis
Dominant (F): normal; no cystic fibrosis
Recessive (f): cystic fibrosis
A woman has a history of cystic fibrosis in her family and found out that she has the gene for cystic fibrosis but is not affected by the gene. Her husband also has a history of cystic fibrosis in his family. He got tested yesterday and found that he is also a carrier for the disease but is not affected by it. First, list the genotype of the mother and father. Then, fillin the Punnett square for their offspring.
Mother's genotype:
Father's genotype:

Scenario 2: Tay-Sachs

Dominant (T): normal; no Tay-Sachs
Recessive (t): Tay-Sachs
A man is a carrier for Tay-Sachs. He is going to have a child with a woman who has homozygous normal genes. First, list the genotype of the mother and father. Then, fillin the Punnett square for their offspring.
Mother's genotype:
Father's genotype:

Scenario 3: Huntington's and Cystic Fibrosis
Dominant (H): Huntington's disease Dominant (F): normal; no cystic fibrosis
Recessive (h): normal; no Huntington's Recessive (f): cystic fibrosis
A man with a heterozygous genotype for Huntington's disease is also a carrier for cystic fibrosis. His wife has cystic fibrosis but does not have Huntington's disease. First, list the genotype of the mother and father. Then, fillin the Punnett square for their offspring.
Mother's genotype:
Father's genotype:

Scenario 4: Color Blindness
X-linked dominant trait: no color blindness
X-linked recessive trait: color blindness
A color blind man marries a woman who is not color blind, nor is she a carrier for color blindness. First, list the genotype of the mother and father. Then, fillin the Punnett square for their offspring.
Mother's genotype:
Father's genotype:-

Questions
Scenario 1: Cystic Fibrosis
A. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child with cystic fibrosis?
B. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child that carries the allele for the cystic fibrosis?
C. If the parents have two children without the disorder, what is the probability that their third child will have cystic fibrosis?
Scenario 2: Tay-Sachs
A. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child who has the phenotype for Tay-Sachs disease?
B. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child who is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease?
Scenario 3: Huntington's and Cystic Fibrosis
A. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child who has both Huntington's disease and cystic fibrosis?
B. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child who has neither Huntington's disease nor cystic fibrosis?
C. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a child who is a carrier for cystic fibrosis?
Scenario 4: Color Blindness
A. What is the percentage likelihood that the couple will have a son who is also colorblind?
B. If the couple has a daughter, what is the percentage likelihood that the daughter will be a carrier for color blindness?

Exercise 2: Pedigree Charts
Questions
A. Which pedigree chart best represents the spread of hemophilia?
B. How would the chart differ if the father in generation 1 had the disease?

Exercise 3: Karyotyping
Data Table 1. Karyotypes and Disorders.

Karyotype	Genotype	Chromosomal Disorder	Phenotype
Disorder 1
Disorder 2
Disorder 3

Questions

A. How are an individual's chromosomes karyotyped?

B. How does nondisjunction occur? What happens to the gametes that are a product of nondisjunction?

Exercise 4: The Human Genome Project
Data Table 2. Summary of the Human Genome Project.

Resources
About the Human Genome Project

Questions

A. Approximately how many genes are present in the human body?

B. How has the Human GenomeProject impacted human medicine?

Part -2

Human Genetics: Genotype and Phenotype

Assistant

This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment's questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students' writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Exercise 1: Observing Phenotype Characteristics
Data Table 1.Phenotype and Genotype.

Trait	Phenotype Characteristics	Phenotype & Genotype from Parent 1	Phenotype & Genotype(s) from Parent 2	Offspring
Dimpled chin			D
Free ear lobe			aa
Ability to taste PTC strips			pp
Interlocking fingers			F
Mid-digital hair			H
Bent little finger			bb
Widow's peak			W
Hitchhiker's thumb			T
Blue or green eyes			ee
Rolled tongue			L

Questions

A. As "Parent 2," how many recessive traits did you express? What were they?

B. As "Parent 2," how many dominant traits did you express? What were they?

C. While the traits studied in Exercise 1 were hypothetical genetic traits, what type of genetic traits do you think are important to study and predict? Give an example of a genetic trait that is carefully monitored when two parents are creating an offspring and why it would be important to monitor.

Exercise 2: Genetic Screening: Phenotype/Genotype

Data Table 2. Possible Chromosomal Disorders.

	Karyotype Image	Chromosomal Disorder
Possible Chromosome Disorder 1 Karyotype
Possible Chromosome Disorder 2 Karyotype

Data Table 3. Karyotype to Genotype to Phenotype.

#	Karyotype	Chromosomal Disorder	Genotype	Phenotype
1
2
3
4
5
6

Questions

A. Describe a karyotype and explain how it is performed.

B. Would a normal karyotype mean that a person would not have any disorder or disease in their life? Explain your answer, incorporating the definition of genetics.