Sometimes banks wish to hold reserves in excess of the legal minimum. Suppose that banks are initially fully loaned up and the required reserve ratio is 0.1. Then the Fed makes an open market purchase of $100,000 in government bonds, and each bank decides to hold excess reserves equal to 5 percent of its deposits.
a) Derive the demand deposit multiplier in this case. Is it larger or smaller than when banks hold no excess reserves?
b) What is the ultimate change in demand deposits in the entire banking system?