What is the saturation voltage of an npn transistor operating with IC = 1 mA and IB = 1 mA if βF = 50 and βR = 2? What is the forced β of this transistor? What is the value of VB E if IS = 10-15 A? Derive an expression for the saturation voltage VECSAT of the pnp transistor in a manner similar to that used to derive.