Define how each of the following errors would affect the determination of the mass of the sodium chloride collected.
a.) The liquid level in the pipet was below the line of the pipet
b.) The pipet was washed with d.i. water previous to using but the student forgot to rinse the pipet with sodium chloride solution before pipetting the sample
c.) The student forgot to dry the outside of the pipet prior to delovering his/her solution to the evaporating dish
d.) Explain the mass of the evaporating dish was recorded less than the true mass