define enable the acquisition of powers of

Question

Define Enable the Acquisition of Powers of Observation

I.  PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT

The purpose of the experiment is to enable the acquisition of powers of observation and deduction, the learning of reactions of inorganic chemistry and the development of practical chemical skills.

II. INTRODUCTION

This experiment is introduced about how to use qualitative analysis process which is the observation of the chemical to identify the unknown sample that is given.

III. EXPERIMENTAL

3.1 Chemicals: Individual ions: Pb²⁺, Hg₂ ²⁺ , Ag⁺,  Dilute HCl, NH₄OH, NH₄Cl, NaOH, distilled water, KI, K₂CrO₄ 

3.2 Equipment: beaker, glass rod, glass tube, filter paper, test tube

3.3 Procedure:

The 5 ml of solution was taken in the test tube and the following instructions were followed.

No.	Reagent	Pb2+	Hg22+	Ag+
1	Add 3M HCl	white ppt	Cloudy suspension	White ppt
(a)	+ NH4OH (aq)	Insoluble white ppt	Insoluble ppt	Soluble
(b)	+boil in hot water	Soluble	Insoluble white ppt	Insoluble white ppt
2	NaOH solution	White ppt	Soluble brown ppt	Insoluble white ppt
3	KI   solution	Yellow ppt	Orange ppt	Pale green ppt
4	K2CrO4 solution	Yellow ppt	Yellow solution	Red ppt

IV) RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The given unknown salt mixture solution is found to be Cation Group (I)

1. Lead  (II) ion is confirmed.

2. Mercury  (I) ion is confirmed.

3. Silver ion is confirmed

  DISCUSSION:

a.) What is the group reagent for Cation Analysis Group (I)?

 The group reagent for Cation Group (I) are HCl, NH₄OH.

b.) How can you separate Lead ion from Mercury (I) ion

To separate Lead ion from Mercury (I) ion, add an equal amount of 3M HCl to the mixture,  insoluble white precipitate is formed. Boil the precipitate in hot water; Pb²⁺  ions are soluble while Hg₂²⁺ ions  are not. Filter solution to obtain Hg₂²⁺ in the residue and Pb²⁺ ions in the  filtrate.

c) What is Aqua Regia?                                                                                                                                   

It's a strong oxidant containing conc HCl and conc HNO₃

V) CONCLUSION

The given unknown salt mixture solution is found to be Lead  (II) ion, Mercury  (I) ion  and Silver ion from Cation Analysis Group (I).