Define Common complications with spinal trauma patients?
Common complications with spinal trauma patients include pressure sores or decubitus ulcers, hypercalciuria and renal stones, constipation due to neurogenic bowel and depression. Nutrition has a relevant role in all conditions. Pressure sores develop due to immobilization, loss of pressure sensation, poor circulation and skin breakdown. Anaemia occurs resulting in less oxygen supply to the sore area, low serum albumin, excess weight loss also contribute to the complications. The nutritional management lies in making up the protein deficit. About 1.52 g protein/kg is recommended with supplements of vitamin C and zinc. Hypercalciuria and thus a tendency for renal stones, arises due to prolonged immobility. A balanced intake of calcium and phosphorus is beneficial. While protein requirements may be increased, excess should be avoided, as it can cause calcium withdrawal from bones. Constipation arising due to neurogenic bowel requires a regular bowel schedule with high fibre and fluid intake. Depression often follows recovery as the person comes to term with disability. An adequate balanced diet resulting in slight increased muscle mass, with concerned nutritional care can help improve quality of life.