1. Baxter Inc. has a target capital structure of 30% debt, 15% preferred stock, and 55% common equity. The company's after-tax cost of debt is 7%, its cost of preferred stock is 11%, its cost of retained earnings is 15%, and its cost of new common stock is 16%. The company stock has a beta of 1.5 and the company's marginal tax rate is 35%. What is the company's weighted average cost of capital if retained earnings are used to fund the common equity portion?
12%
13.8%
14.45%
11.2%
2. Crandal Dockworks is undergoing a major expansion. The expansion will be financed by issuing new 15-year, $1,000 par, 9% annual coupon bonds. The market price of the bonds is $1,070 each. Crandal's flotation expense on the new bonds will be $50 per bond. Crandal's marginal tax rate is 35%. What is the pre-tax cost of debt for the newly-issued bonds?
10.25%
8.12%
8.76%
7.49%