Complete the mcq:
1. The component of statistical methodology that includes the collection, organization, and summarization of data is called _____.
descriptive statistics
analytical statistics
inferential statistics
predictive statistics
2. Characteristics of the population are called _____.
point estimates
random variables
statistics
parameters
3. Which of the following constitutes an operational approach to reducing sampling error?
Cross-checking research designs with knowledgeable analysts
Questioning the assumption that tomorrow's and today's population are comparable
Taking a larger sample from the population
Reducing conditions that contribute to dissimilar population segments
4. Calculating the average value of five sample measurements of door width is an example of which of the following?
Descriptive statistics
Statistical inference
Predictive statistics
Analytical statistics
5. Acting on every result as if it were a special cause of variation is known as which of the following?
Stabilizing
Bullwhipping
Tampering
Monitoring
6. A statistical technique that is useful for interpreting scatter diagrams is which of the following?
The average
Correlation analysis
The standard deviation
Nominal group technique
7. Another name for a cause-and-effect diagram is which of the following?
Histogram
Run chart
Check sheet
Fishbone diagram
8. To enable a service process to be mistake-proof, unlike manufacturing processes, the _____ must be considered.
process owner
customer
environment
manager
9. Which of the following pairs of charts are used together?
X-Bar chart and p-chart
R-chart and p-chart
R-chart and s-chart
X-Bar chart and R-chart
10. A p-chart is also called a _____.
pre-control chart
probability chart
fraction defective chart
process capability chart
11. Determine the sample standard deviation(s) for the following data: 7, 8, 2, 1, 3, and 5.
s = 2.805
s = 3.266
s = 2.927
s = 3.578
12. Six samples of subgroup size 6 (n=6) were collected. Determine the upper control limit (UCL) for an X-Bar chart if the mean of the sample averages is 4.7 and the mean of the sample ranges is 0.35.
CHART
UCL = 4.86905
UCL = 4.90195
UCL = 4.72250
UCL = 5.05805
13. Twenty samples of subgroup size 6 (n=6) were collected for a variable measurement. Determine the upper control limit (UCL) for an R-chart if the mean of the sample ranges equals 4.4.
Factors for calculating control limits:
n A2 D3 D4
2 1.880 0 3.267
3 1.023 0 2.575
4 0.729 0 2.282
5 0.577 0 2.115
6 0.483 0 2.004
UCL = 9.3016
UCL = 1.4696
UCL = 11.3256
UCL = 8.8176
What are the advantages of studying a sample from the population instead of studying the entire population though a census?
2. Define standard error of the mean.
3. Differentiate between an enumerative study and an analytic study. Which type of study is more appropriate for descriptive statistics, hypothesis testing on the population mean, and time-series analysis?
4. Explain the difference between Type I and Type II errors in the context of a control chart.
5. Define the term statistical process control.