Write detailed definition on the following:
1. Complete crowding out
2. Laffer Curve
3. Proportional income tax
4. Cyclical Deficit
5. M1
6. Cash leakage
7. Open Market Operations
8. Reserve requirement
9. Equation of exchange
10. Liquidity effect
11. Expansionary monetary policy
12. Gold standard
13. Absolute real economic growth
14. Per capita real economic growth
15. Comparative advantage
16. Tariff