Problem
1. In a SONET/SDH rings, explain causes for ring failures? Explain self-healing mechanism?
2. Compare between intra-AS routing and inter-AS routing?
3. List some examples for intra-AS and inter-AS routing protocols.
4. What is the purpose of a Label Switching Router (LSR)?
5. Step-index and graded-index are the two most common refractive index profiles for optical fibers. Define refractive index? What is the main concept of each profile?