Road and Street Engineering Assignment -
Problem 1 - Module 5 - Road safety analysis
The following helps to critically analyse the data from common traffic engineering studies to improve road safety.
Your task:
(a) Research the problems associated with aged drivers in the road transport system by selecting one particular aspect against your first letter of your surname from the list below:
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Topic
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First letter of your Surname
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Older drivers' crash involvement - Research and document contributing factors and your discussion supported by statistical data representing their crash involvement
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D, G, T, H
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|
Licensing issues with older drivers - Identify various issues assassinated with licensing older drivers; and collect suitable strategies adapted to dissolve them.
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Q, U, Z, B
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|
Alcohol and older drivers - Highlight the current status and discuss the contributing issues and propose countermeasures for improvements
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J, K, M, L
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|
Older drivers' physical or mental capabilities - Document the recent findings from the research and investigation carried out on older drivers capabilities related to their physical and mental conditions
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A, N, P, Y
|
|
Older drivers' reaction times - Highlight the reaction time between different age group to surface the problem and document the strategies that can be adapted in road design to improve overall road safety. Read recent research articles to document the relevant
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S, V, F
|
|
Road safety for older drivers as pedestrians - Collect the finding from research reports to document the crashes involving older drivers as pedestrian. In addition illustrate example of appropriate road infrastructure for reducing similar crashes.
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W, C, E, I
|
|
Security issues for the elderly when using public transport - identify the challenges for the ageing society when using public transport, and develop strategies to develop meaningful recommendations for the public transport authorities to develop further actions
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R, X, O
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Examples: If your name is 'James HICKS' then your topic will be "older drivers' crash involvement"
You are expected to consult a number of sources on the aspect you investigate.
(b) Provide details on the aspect which you have chosen in (a) above. Your arguments should be 600 to 900 words in length (not including references, which of course should be part of your arguments). The arguments should clearly identify the following:
1. The title of the aspect.
2. Collection of background information to highlight the need for your given topic with suitable sub-headings (400 words)
3. A summary of major issues which arose during your literature search, and your recommended strategies for reducing the effect (500 words).
4. A full citation of the paper as it would appear in the USQ's Harvard referencing system.
Problem 2: Module 5 - Road safety analysis
An intersection has a crash rate of 12.6 per 40 million entering vehicles. The database for all similar intersections in the area indicates an average crash rate of 24.5 per 100 million entering vehicles with a standard deviation of 3.2 per 100 million entering vehicles.
Should these intersections be reviewed for road safety improvements at the 95% confidence level?
Problem 3: Module 5 - Road safety analysis
An engineer observed that 6 consecutive kilometres of a rural highway had the following number of serious crashes per year:
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Km No
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1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
|
Total number of crashes
|
54
|
65
|
62
|
57
|
63
|
60
|
These highway sections have similar geometric features for carrying equal volume.
Use Chi-square test to examine the condition whether is there any evidence to show that location make differences for a level of 5% significance.
Problem 4: Module 6 - Traffic signals design, control and analysis
A single lane approach at a signalised intersection operates with 30 seconds of green period. Observation was started at time t=0 (with the start of green time), and the time of all vehicles leaving stop line of an intersection approach were entered into the table below.
|
Vehicle number
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
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5
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6
|
7
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
|
Time of passing (sec)
|
4.55
|
8.02
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10.89
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13.54
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15.89
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18.14
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20.44
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22.69
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24.91
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27.13
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1. Calculate the average headway of the vehicles
2. Determine the saturation headway for the approach, hence calculate the saturation flow rate in vehicles per hour.
3. List the factors affecting the saturation flow rate at a signalised intersection approach.
Problem 5: Module 6 - Traffic signals design, control and analysis
The following table details the traffic flow at four-leg intersection.
Assume a three phase timing plan as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is suitable, with 3 seconds of amber time and all read time is 2 seconds. Total lost time per phase is 5 seconds including start and end losses and all red times.
|
Lane
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1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
|
Volume (vph)
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500
|
200
|
374
|
55
|
336
|
115
|
370
|
60
|
|
Saturation Flow rate (vph)
|
1650
|
1500
|
1700
|
450
|
1600
|
1450
|
1850
|
550
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1. Using Webster's equations, determine the optimum cycle time and green split time, and provide timing diagram for your design (without considering pedestrian movements).
2. Propose a suitable arrangement/solution for pedestrians to cross the roads at intersections.
Problem 6 - Module 6 & 7
Traffic flow on two-approaches at a four-leg intersection is given below:
|
Approach
|
Traffic flow (vph)
|
Saturation flow rate (vph)
|
Cycle time (sec)
|
Effective red (sec)
|
|
NB
|
336
|
1600
|
120
|
78
|
|
EB
|
370
|
1850
|
120
|
75
|
Assume that arrivals are uniform throughout the cycle, and D/D/1 queuing is applicable. Determine the following for each approach:
a) The time to queue clearance after the start of the effective green
b) Proportion of the cycle with a queue
c) Proportion of vehicles stopped
d) Maximum number of vehicles in the queue
e) Total vehicle delay per cycle
f) Average delay per vehicle
g) Expected maximum delay for any vehicle
[Calculate and report your answers to 3 places of decimal, e.g. 0.0933333 v/s, to 0.093 v/s]
Problem 7 - Module 6 & 7
The signals at the intersections (from A to D) along the two-way street have been pre-timed as shown in table. The posted speed is 50 km/h. Determine the width (if any) of through-band (bandwidth) in each direction of the two directions and show the through bands on a progression diagram.
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Intersection
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Distance from A
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Green (sec)
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Y + AR (sec)
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Red (sec)
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Offset (sec)
|
|
A
|
0
|
40
|
5
|
15
|
0
|
|
B
|
134
|
35
|
5
|
20
|
5
|
|
C
|
420
|
35
|
5
|
20
|
5
|
|
D
|
688
|
40
|
5
|
15
|
40
|
Problem 8 - Modules 1-9 - Transportation system management (TSM)
1. Identify an ITS project or application that is underway in your hometown or nearest city.
Provide the details about your ITS project; your details should be limited to a maximum of 700 words in length (not including references, which should be part of your response).
Your detail description should clearly identify the following:
- The title of the ITS project.
- Description of the project including its purpose and the ways that it was planned and designed, and how it is operating now. Suitable background study can be used to support your description (400 words)
- A summary of major advantages and disadvantages that can be or have arisen due to the project, and your recommended strategies for minimising disadvantages or negative effects (300 words).
- A full citation of the paper as it would appear in the USQ's Harvard referencing system.