Dougco, a domestic corporation, owns 100% of Thaico, a Thailand corporation. Dougco manufactures top-of-the-line offi ce chairs at a cost of $300 per unit and sells them to Thaico, which resells the goods (without any further processing) to unrelated foreign customers for $450 each. Independent foreign distributors typically earn commissions of 20% (expressed as a percentage of the sales price) on the purchase and resale of products comparable to those produced by Dougco.
Clairco, a domestic corporation, owns 100% of Shuco, a foreign corporation that manufactures women's running shoes at a cost of $30 each and sells them to Clairco. Clairco attaches its trade name to the shoes (which has a signifi cant effect on their resale price), and resells them to unrelated customers in the United States for $80 each. Independent foreign manufacturers producing similar running shoes typically earn a gross profi t mark-up (expressed as a percentage of the manufacturing costs) of 15%.
Tomco, a domestic corporation, owns 100% of Swissco, a Swiss corporation. Tomco manufactures riding lawn mowers at a cost of $2,500 per unit, and sells them to unrelated foreign distributors at a price of $3,750 per unit. Tomco also sells the equipment to Swissco, which then resells the goods to unrelated foreign customers for $4,250 each. The conditions of Tomco's sales to Swissco are essentially equivalent to those of the sales made to unrelated foreign distributors.