A cylindrical rod of ceramic BaTiO3 is poled along an axis perpendicular to its electroded end-faces. The cylinder stands on one flat end and carries a load of 10 kg uniformly distributed over the upper face. Calculate the open-circuit voltage difference developed between the end-faces, the mechanical strain and the length change. In a separate experiment, a potential difference is applied between the ends of the unloaded cylinder. Calculate the voltage necessary to obtain the same strain as developed previously. Explain why the developed and applied voltages differ. Cylinder dimensions: height, 10 mm; diameter, 10 mm. Electromechanical proper ties of ceramic
