Calculate the void ratio

Question

Problem:

A cylinder contains 510 cm³ of loose dry sand, which weighs 740 g. Under a static load of 200 kPa the volume is reduced 1%, and then by vibration it is reduced 10% of the original volume. Assume the solid density of the sand grain is 2650 kg/m³.

Required:

Question: Calculate the void ratio, porosity, dry density, and total density corresponding to each of the following case:

(a) Loose sand

(b) Sand under static load

(c) Vibrated and loaded sand

Note: Show all workings.