Question 1
Select all the true statements about variance analysis.
Variance analysis only examines actual costs over a specific period of time.
Variance analysis examines cost differences between standards and actuals.
Cost elements can be isolated to identify specific drivers of variance.
Variance analysis is only applicable to the manufacturing sector.
Question 2
A variance with a negative number (e.g., -2) is always called an unfavorable variance.
True
False
Question 3
Calculate the direct materials variance and determine if it is favorable or unfavorable.
|
|
Quantity
|
Price
|
|
Standard
|
20
|
$1.50
|
|
Actual
|
22
|
$1.25
|
1.50, favorable
1.50, unfavorable
2.50, favorable
2.50, unfavorable
Question 4
Calculate the price variance for direct materials used to make a product.
|
|
Quantity
|
Price
|
|
Standard
|
20
|
$1.50
|
|
Actual
|
22
|
$1.25
|
Spent $5.50 more as compared to the standard.
Spent $5.50 less as compared to the standard.
Spent $3.50 more as compared to the standard.
Spent $3.50 less as compared to the standard.
Question 5
Calculate the quantity variance of the direct materials used to make a product.
|
|
Quantity
|
Price
|
|
Standard
|
20
|
$1.50
|
|
Actual
|
22
|
$1.25
|
Variance is $3, favorable
Variance is $3, unfavorable
Variance is $2.5, favorable
Variance is $2.5, unfavorable
Question 6
Calculate the variance in direct labor costs and determine if this is favorable or unfavorable.
|
|
Product Hours
|
Rate of Pay
|
|
Standard
|
8
|
$80
|
|
Actual
|
10
|
$70
|
$20 variance, favorable
$20 variance, unfavorable
$60 variance, favorable
$60 variance, unfavorable
Question 7
Calculate the variance for rate of pay in regards to the production of a product. Was this favorable or unfavorable?
|
|
Hours
|
Rate of Pay
|
|
Standard
|
8
|
$80
|
|
Actual
|
10
|
$70
|
$100 variance, favorable
$100 variance, unfavorable
$80 variance, favorable
$80 variance, unfavorable
Question 8
Calculate the variance for hours worked in regards to the production of a product. Was this favorable or unfavorable?
|
|
Hours
|
Rate of Pay
|
|
Standard
|
8
|
$80
|
|
Actual
|
10
|
$70
|
$140 variance, favorable
$140 variance, unfavorable
$160 variance, favorable
$160 variance, unfavorable
Question 9
Use the break-even formula to calculate the number of widgets that must be sold to "break-even."
Widgets sell for $1,000 each. The cost to produce is $200 per Widget, the commission is $100 per Widget, and total fixed operating costs are $100,000 regardless of activity level (units manufactured).
Sales = Total Variable Costs + Total Fixed Costs
100
125
143
111
Question 10
Select all the true statements about the break-even point.
It analyzes how demand impacts sales.
It is defined as the point at which all sales exactly equal all the costs incurred to develop, produce, and deliver a product.
It is a risk-assessment tool.
It helps companies determine if they can operate profitably at different levels of sales.
Question 11
If a manager knows how much profit or target income is desired, CVP can be used to estimate sales revenue needed.
True
False
Question 12
Calculate the contribution to margin and net income.
Suppose widgets were selling for $1,000 each. The cost to produce them is $200, the commission for each sold is $100, and the company incurs $100,000 of fixed costs regardless of the level of activity.
|
|
Total
|
Per Unit
|
Ratio
|
|
Sales (500 x $1,000)
|
$500,000
|
$1,000
|
100%
|
|
Variable costs (500 x $300)
|
$150,000
|
$300
|
30%
|
|
Contribution margin
|
$Blank 1
|
$700
|
70%
|
|
Fixed costs
|
$100,000
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
$Blank 2
|
|
|
Question 13
Select all that apply. The contribution margin:
Is expressed as: variable expenses - revenues.
Is expressed as: revenues - variable expenses.
Reveals how much a company's revenues will contribute to the company's fixed expenses and net income.
Reveals how much a company's variable expenses will contribute to the company's revenues and net income.
Question 14
|
|
Total
|
Per Unit
|
Ratio
|
|
Sales
|
|
$1,000
|
100%
|
|
Variable costs
|
|
$300
|
30%
|
|
Contribution margin
|
|
$700
|
70%
|
|
Fixed costs
|
$100,000
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
$50,000 net income
- $50,000 net income
$30,000 net income
- $30,000 net income
Question 15
The break-even point can be calculated for the following (select all that apply):
A service
Overhead
A product
A company
Question 16
The manager is interested in hitting a specific profit target. Suppose the widget company was targeting a $200,000 profit this year. How many widgets would they need to sell? (Hint: Treat Profit Target like an extra fixed expense!)
Widgets sell for $1,000 each. The cost to produce each is $200, the commission for each sold is $100, and the company incurs $100,000 of fixed costs regardless of the level of activity.
143
429
375
100